Unit6 情态动词与虚拟语气
第一章 情态动词
📖 情态动词就是表示情绪和态度的动词，虽然也叫做动词啦，但必须作为实义动词的小跟班而存在。
🍓 情态动词没有人称的变化，不需要考虑三单
📏 结构: 情态动词+动词原形
常见的情态动词
| Can | Could |
|---|---|
| may | might |
| should | would |
| ought to | must |
| have to | need |
| dare |
🍎 Can Could
1️⃣ 表能力
🌟 I believe I can fly.
🌟 She could skate before she broke her leg.
2️⃣ 表请求、允许
🌟 Can you give me 10 bucks?
表示请求时，could比can更加礼貌和委婉
3️⃣ 表猜测
🌟 Can it be true?
🌟 It can’t be true.
啊值得注意的是，can’t表示不太可能，而不是不可能
4️⃣ 虚拟语气
在虚拟语气中，我们用could而不用can !
could have done表示和过去的事情相反，也就是本可以做到，却没做，有惋惜、遗憾之情
🌟 You could have told her the truth.
🌟 You couldn’t have told her the truth.
5️⃣ Can与be able to
be able to适用于各个时态，而且在一定的条件(金钱、资源、机会下)做成某事，用的是be able to
🌟 He didn’t agree with me at first but I was able to persuade him.
🍎 may might
1️⃣ 表请求、允许
🌟 You may not take my stuffed animal.
⭐ May I take the book?
🌟 Yes, you may. / Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. / I’m afraid not. / You’d better not.
在委婉程度上，might会更高一些
2️⃣ 表示猜测可能性
🌟 He may be at home. ( 50 percent )
🌟 He might be at home. ( 30 percent )
包括对过去的推测：
🌟 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
3️⃣ 虚拟语气
用might不用may
might have done 表示 本可以做，却没有做 有责怪的意思。
🌟 She might have had her hair cut by an experienced hairdresser.
🍎 should ought to
1️⃣ 表义务，应该
should 常用于一般情况；ought to 则更多用于特殊情况。
🌟 We should respect the old.
🌟 We ought to take good care of the old man. He has no family.
2️⃣ 表推测
强度排序！
🏷️
3️⃣ 虚拟语气
本不该做某事，却做了。
⭐ shouldn’t have done
⭐ oughtn’t to have done
🌟 Australia shouldn’t have bamboozled British into traveling there when the whole country has been “on fire” for months.
🖊️ 澳大利亚本不应该忽悠英国人去那儿旅游；整个澳洲“火烧”了几个月。
⭐ should have done
⭐ ought to have done
🌟 Australia should have spent the advertising expenses in controlling the wildfires.
🖊️ 澳大利亚本应该把广告费用在控制山火上。
🍎 must
1️⃣ 表示必须
🔈 Must I cheer up?
✏️ Yes, you must.
✏️ No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2️⃣ 表推测
🌟 The Gods must be crazy.
🔈 must have done 表示过去肯定做过
🌟 I must have done something good.
🍎 need
1️⃣ 情态动词
必须，需要。
🌟 If you want anything, you need only ask.
2️⃣ 实义动词
此时一般跟to连在一起！need to do sth.表示有义务或责任做某事。
🌟 You need to eat more.
🌟 I need to take my dog out for a walk every day.
3️⃣ 虚拟语气
needn’t have done 本不必要做，却做了
🌟 You needn’t have said that.
🍎 dare
1️⃣ 情态动词
多用于否定句、疑问句。意思是：敢吗
🌟 I dare not move!
🌟 Dare you answer me when I call your name?
🌟 I wonder whether he dare tell the truth.
2️⃣ 实义动词
此时，需要考虑人称与时态，跟need一样，常常跟to连用。
🌟 She dares to use the F-word in front of the kids!
在否定句和疑问句中，可以不带to
🌟 He didn’t dare (to) tell her his feelings.
第二章 虚拟语气
🏷️ 跟事实相反的语法现象，就叫做虚拟语气。
一、if引导的虚拟语气
| If从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|
| 一般过去时 did | would / should do |
🌟 If I had 1 million dollars, I would build a school.
🌟 If I were you, I should ask him out.
✏️ 如果我是你，我就约他出去了
🌟 If I were 17, I would not make my school life miserable.
🐽 值得注意的是，should在这里并没有情态动词中应该的意思，而是shall的过去时。一般用于第一人称做主语。
🐷 如果if从句带有be动词，不需要考虑人称和单复数啦，直接were!
我们可以发现，虚拟语气在表达与现在的事实相反时，用的全是过去时。可以理解为两个平行时空的交错点在现在之前~
🍎 与过去事实相反
| If 从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|
| 过去完成时 had done | would / should have done |
🌟 If his father hadn’t interfered, we would have been married.
🌟 If Dad had kept a healthy lifestyle, he would not have had a heart disease.
诶嘿，这个时间点还在过去之前，所以要用过去完成时~
🍎 与将来事实相反
| If 从句 | 主句 |
|---|---|
| 一般过去时 did | would / should do |
| were to do | |
| should do |
🌟 If you were to see someone in the office, you career would be ruined.
🌟 If it should rain tomorrow, my road test would be doomed to failure.
🌟 If my neighbor walked his dog this evening, I should ask him to mop my porch.
如何理解将来相反呢？你说它还没发生呀，咋相反捏？别急，这是带有较强的主观判断的✔️ ！
也就是说，用上了带有将来虚拟语气的if从句，那么主句的事情很可能不会发生！而如果觉得主句很有可能发生，那么就用普通的if引导的条件状语从句好啦！区别在于主将从现！
🔈 If I were to get up early, I would spend my time studying.
✏️ If I get up early, I will spend my time on English.
注意将来的时间点还是在过去哦(强行解释ing)
二、if从句倒装
有个十分抽象的栗子：
把三种情况提前，也就是把我梳头提前
🌏 现在相反
🔈 If I were you, I should ask him out.
➡️ Were I you, I should ask him out.
结构
- 去掉
if were提前- 其他照搬
🌍 过去相反
🔈 If they hadn’t argued, the woman wouldn’t have died.
➡️ Had they not argued, the woman wouldn’t have died.
结构
- 去掉
if had提前- 其他照搬，
not不缩写
🌎 将来相反
🔈 If it should rain tomorrow, my road test would be doomed to failure.
➡️ Should it rain tomorrow, my road test would be doomed to failure.
结构
- 去掉
if should提前- 其他照搬，
not不缩写
呐呐呐，啥时候要倒装呀！
当然是把
if省略的情况啦！
倒装是将信息重点后移，一般强调主语。
三、虚拟语气动词
要是遇上以下这几个大佬做谓语，后面的宾语从句必须小心翼翼地用上虚拟语气！
| 类型 | 动词 |
|---|---|
| 表建议 | advise, suggest, propose, recommend |
| 表要求/请求 | insist, demand, request, urge |
| 表愿望 | wish, desire, prefer |
| 表命令 | order, command, direct |
| 表决定 | decide, determine, resolve |
