Unit2 介词和并列连词
Unit2 介词和并列连词
一、介词
介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句做他的宾语,即构成介词短语,常用于表示状态。
1.1 常见介词及辨析
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表示地点时,
at, in, on的区别at后面跟的是比较小的地方,比如村庄,小城市,门牌等;in后面接比较大的地方,比如国家、城市等;on表示在某物之上,且表面接触。例如:on the road, in/on the stree, on the farm, in the field -
表示时间时
at, on , in的区别-
at表示时间点1
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7at six
at noon
at midnight
at night
at sunrise
at the weekend
at Christmas -
on表示在特定某一天或某天的上午,下午,晚上(时间段)1
2on Monday
on Sunday afternoon -
in表示一段时间,后面跟上小时、周、月、年、季等表示一段时间的名词1
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4in three hours
in a week
in a month
in tree yearsin是不受限制的时间段,at是具体时间点,on是特定某天,其关系可以为:1
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8def work(time):
res="in"
if type(time)=="时间点":
res="at"
elif type(time)=="时间段":
if time=="具体某天" or time=="具体某天某段时间":
res="on"
return res
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表示持续时间的
since, for, in, after的区别-
since接过去某个时间点,表示“自…以来”,常用于完成时。1
She has been working here since 2007.
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for接一段具体的时间,常用于完成时,表示时间的延续。1
I have studied English for 7 years.
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in+一段时间与非延续性动词连用,表示一段时间以后,多用于将来时。1
Jack will be back in a week.
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after+一段时间表示“…之后”,常用于过去时。1
After one month, the baby began to learn climbing.
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表示方位的介词
in, on, to, off的区别-
in表示在境内1
2in China
in Europe -
on表示相邻或在边界上,不在境内1
on the border between Kenya and Tanzania.
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to表示在境外,不接壤1
Beijing lies to the north of Shanghai.
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off表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方1
off the southwest coast of the U.S.
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表示运动方向或目的的介词
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across表示穿过物体表面或横过1
2across the street
across the English Channel -
through表示在某一空间通过或纵向穿过1
2through the forest
go through the valley -
along表示沿着一条线平行1
go along the bank of the river
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up表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用down1
2go up to London for the day
drive all the way down from Wuhan in Guilin -
to表示动作的目的地1
2travel to Beijing
our weekly trip to the supermarket -
towards指朝向,而无到达的意思1
2walk towards the river
look out towards the sea -
for表示前往的目的地,与其连用的动词有leave, start off, set out, head, sail1
2leave for New York
a ship heading for Dalian
-
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表示“除…之外”的介词
besides:表包含,意为“除…之外还有”
1
Besides the Black, six couples attended the party last Saturday.
except:表示排除,意为"除…之外"
1
The museum is open every day except Tuesday.
but:表示排除,多和
nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who等连用1
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3Nothing but trouble will come of this plan. # 注意排除的是前面主语部分
# A but B
# 表示全集A挖去子集B剩下的集合except for:表示出去整体中的部分,意为“只不过,只是”,有大体肯定,细节指正的意思
1
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
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among和betweenamong:表示三个或以上的人或物之间,后接复数名词或集体名词
1
2The news sparked a heated debate among people on social media.
# 这一消息在社交媒体上引发了人们的激烈讨论between:用于两者之间,或者三个以上的两两之间
1
Peter sat between Mary and Jane.
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表示价格、比率、标准、速度的介词
at:表示价值、价格、比率或速度,例如
buy sth. at a half pricefor:表示交换,指总价钱,如
pay $3 for a ticketby:表示度量单位或标准,后接计量单位和名词,一般是单数,前面需要加冠词
the,数词或复数名词前不加。如:1
2We're paid by the hour. # 我们按小时计费
Increase by 20% # 增长20% -
against 值得注意的是,
against是介词,而不是动词-
表示“反对,不利于,对着,违背”
1
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3We are all against his idea.
He was married against his will. # 他结婚是违背本意的
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. # 有20票赞成他,12票反对他 -
表示“靠着,盯着,迎着”
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3He stood with his back against the door.
He hit his head against the window.
Bright red flags flow in the wind against the blue sky.
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beyond-
表示位置,意思是“在…的那一边,在…之外,在更远处"
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The new housing estate stretches beyond the playing-fields. # 新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的另一边
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表示时间,意思是“迟于,超过"
1
Some shops keep open beyond midnight. # 有些商店营业到半夜之后
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表示范围、水平、限度、能力,意思是“超出,多余,为…所不能及"
1
2Your work is beyond all praise. # 你的作品让人称赞不已
She was really touched beyond words. # 她确实被感动的无法形容 -
表示年龄或数量,意思是"超过"
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He didn't believe in people living beyond 150. # 他不能相信人能活到150岁以上
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用在否定和疑问句中,意思是“除…之外"
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10I know nothing beyond what he told me. # 除了他告诉我的,我一无所知
# 常用搭配
beyond belief # 难以置信
beyond doubt # 无疑的
beyond compare # 无与伦比的,举世无双
beyond recognition # 认不出来,无法辨认
beyond control # 无法控制的
beyond repair # 无法修理
beyond description # 难以形容
1.2 固定介词搭配
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介词+名词
-
at+名词1
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8at war # 正在交战
at work # 正在工作
at peace # 处于和平或平静状态
at table # 正在吃饭
at meeting # 在开会
be at school # 正在上学
at church # 在做礼拜
at breakfast/lunch/supper # 正在吃早(午/晚)饭 -
in+名词1
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17in progress # 正在进展中
in fashion # 流行
in church # 在做礼拜
in danger # 处在危险中
in class # 在上课
in turn # 依次
in action # 在运转
in hospital # 在住院
in tears # 在流泪
in office # 在执政
in power # 掌握权力
in operation # 生效,起作用
in need # 在贫困中
in addition # 此外
in time # 及时
in trouble # 处于困境之中
in one's opinion # 根据某人的看法 -
on+名词1
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8on strike # 在罢工
on leave # 在休假
on the rise # 在上涨
on a visit # 正在访问
on sale # 正在出售
on time # 准时
on earth # 究竟;在地球上
on the contrary # 相反 -
under+名词1
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6under consideration # 在考虑之中
under construction # 在修建中
under discussion # 在讨论中
under treatment # 在治疗中
under repair # 在修理中
under attack # 受到攻击
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形容词+介词
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与
at有关的1
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6be angry at sth. # 对某事感到生气
be good at # 擅长于
be bad at # 不擅长
be surprised at # 对...感到吃惊
be clever at # 擅长
be terrified at # 对...感到害怕 -
与
of有关的1
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8be afraid of # 害怕
be sure of # 对...有把握
be full of # 充满
be tired of # 对...感到厌倦
be fond of # 喜欢
be proud of # 对...感到自豪
be worthy of # 应得到某物
be centain of # 对...确定的 -
与
with有关的1
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5be angry with sb. # 对某人感到生气
be strict with sb. # 对某人要求严格
be careful with # 受到...欢迎
be busy with # 因...而繁忙
be popular with # 受到...欢迎 -
与
to有关的1
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12be next to # 与...相邻
be good to # 对...好
be polite to # 对...有礼貌
be kind to # 友好对待
be cruel to # 对...残暴
be rude to # 对...无理
be married to # 嫁给,娶
be close to # 靠近,挨着
be near to # 距离...近
be similar to # 与...相似
be known to # 为...所知
be due to # 是由于 -
与
for有关的1
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9be good for # 对...有利
be free for # 对...免费
be fit for # 对...合适的
be unfit for # 对...不合适
be eager for # 渴望
be hungry for # 渴望
be anxious for # 为...感到焦虑,担心
be sorry for # 为...感到抱歉
be known for # 因...而闻名 -
与
from有关的1
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5be far from # 远离
be different from # 不同于
be free from # 使...免于
be safe from # 没有...的危险
be absent from # 缺席
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“动词+介词”固定搭配
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动词+
at1
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4glare at # 瞪着
laugh at # 嘲笑
stare at # 瞪着
arrive at # 到达,抵达 -
动词+
for1
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8mistake... for... 将...误作
search for 搜寻
pay for # 为...付费
run for # 竞选
blame...for... # 因...责备
charge for # 索价,收费
leave... for... # 离开,前往
account for # 解释,是...的原因,占 -
动词+
from1
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13die from # 死于
hear from sb. # 收到某人的来信
keep...from... # 阻止...做
prevent...from... # 阻止...做
stop...from... # 阻止...做
# stoping him from doing it!
protect...from... # 保护...免受...
distinguish...from... # 使...区别于...
recover from... # 从...回复
separate... from... # 将....与...分离
suffer from # 遭受,受...之苦
tell...from... # 将...与...区分
discourage sb. from. # 劝别人不要 -
动词+
in1
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6involve ... in ... # 将...牵扯进来
result in # 导致,造成
result from # 由...造成,因...产生
succeed in # 在...方面成功
lie in # 在于
believe in # 信任,相信 -
动词+
into1
2divide...into... # 将...划分为
change...into... # 将...转变 -
动词+
of -
动词+
on/upon -
动词+介词
to -
动词+
with
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